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Mortgage Strategies for the Inexperienced

shawn thomas asked:


If you are just about to buy a house, one of your most important decisions, almost as important as which home you buy, is what type of mortgage to take out. You basically have two choices; a fixed rate mortgage (FRM) or an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) Choosing a mortgage that best fits your specific needs can potentially either save or cost you a great deal of money over the term of the mortgage.

Around 70% of homebuyers today choose a fixed rate mortgage, rather than an adjustable rate mortgage. A fixed rate mortgage is exactly what it sounds like. The interest rate on the loan doesn’t change, regardless of whether interest rates in general go up or down. An adjustable rate mortgage may go up or down, depending on the interest rate at the time. Your decision may be influenced by your overall financial situation, the present state of the economy and the cost of your house.

The overall amount that you end up paying for your home can be greatly influenced by even a small change in the interest rate. A lowering of the interest rate by just one point can mean that a homeowner with a 30 year mortgage can enjoy average savings of around $50,000 over the term of their mortgage. An increase in the interest rate of just one or two percent can mean monthly payments that are between $50 and $250 higher, depending on how much you paid for your home. Whether you are taking out a 15 or 30 year mortgage may also influence your decision to take out an adjustable rate or fixed rate mortgage.

The biggest benefit of a fixed rate mortgage is the peace of mind that comes with knowing that regardless of how bad the economy is the rate on your mortgage loan won’t increase; neither will your monthly payment amounts. In fact, the terms and conditions of a fixed rate mortgage are protected by law. A fixed rate mortgage is an ideal option for those buyers who just don’t want to take a risk, or consider themselves the cautious type when it comes to finances.

Another benefit of a fixed rate mortgage is that it makes it easier for the homeowner to budget the expense. Your mortgage payment is probably your single biggest expense and you always know exactly how much the monthly payment will be. Some buyers believe that this makes it a little bit easier to plan and budget for some of life’s other big expenses. Certain things like college funds and retirement for example. With a fixed rate mortgage, the amount of the monthly payment will only increase if there is an increase in the amount of insurance rates or property taxes.

A fixed rate mortgage is not affected by inflation or the cost of living. Supposing you have a monthly mortgage payment of $700; this amount will still be the same after five, ten, and twenty years have gone by. Even though everything else has increased in cost, your mortgage payment will stay the same. One way to offset this is to consider the possibilities in the future. Chances are you could have a more disposable income as time passes. You could be earning a higher salary, but still paying the same every month for your home.

If you prefer the safer option of the fixed rate mortgage, one solution would be to take out a fixed rate mortgage and then refinance your loan if and when interest rates are lowered. This approach keeps your options open. If interest rates go down sufficiently to justify the cost of refinancing, you can do just that; if rates stay where they are or go up you will be glad you have the fixed rate mortgage.  Some financial experts advise that it is only worth refinancing if the interest rate will be at least 2% lower than your current rate, although that decision entirely is up to you.

Another strategy that can be applied towards either a fixed rate or adjustable mortgage is to pay an extra amount each month towards the principal. By doing this regularly, you can potentially save a large amount in interest charges. It can also make the term of the mortgage shorter and you may be able to own your home sooner. Make sure that you specify that any extra amount that you pay is going towards the principal and not the interest. By doing this, if you have a fixed rate mortgage and the rate is not as low as it could be, you are getting ahead a little bit.

Ultimately the decision of whether to take a fixed rate mortgage or an adjustable rate mortgage is yours. Although several factors may influence your decision, one of the biggest questions to ask yourself is how much of a risk you want to take.

Jerry Figueroa Lee asked:


The first two considerations you have when arranging a mortgage are what type of mortgage rate is required along with how the mortgage will be repaid. The following article looks at the different mortgage rate options such as fixed rates, discounted rates, capped, variable and tracker rates, along with the main advantages and disadvantages for each option.

When considering which type of mortgage product is suitable for your needs, it pays to consider your attitude to risk, as those with a cautious attitude to risk may find a fixed or capped rate more appropriate, whereas those with a more adventurous attitude to risk may find a tracker rate that fluctuates up and down more appealing.

Following is a description of the different mortgage rate options along with a summary of the main advantages and disadvantages for each option.

Fixed Rate Mortgages

With a fixed rate mortgage you can lock into a fixed repayment cost that will not fluctuate up or down with movements in the Bank of England base rate, or the lenders Standard Variable Rate. The most popular fixed rate mortgages are 2, 3 and 5 year fixed rates, but fixed rates of between 10 years and 30 years are now more common at reasonable rates. As a general rule of thumb, the longer the fixed rate period the higher the interest rate. This is also applicable when considering the percentage loan to value, where borrowing below 75% of the property value will attract a lower fixed rate in comparison to an 85% or 90% loan to value which will attract a higher fixed rate percentage.

Advantages

Having the peace of mind that your mortgage payment will not rise with increases in the base rate. This makes budgeting easier for the fixed rate period selected, and can be advantageous to first time buyers or those stretching themselves to the maximum affordable payment.

Disadvantages

The monthly repayment will remain the same even when the economic environment sees the Bank of England and lenders reducing their base rates. In these circumstances where the fixed rate ends up costing more, remembering why the initial decision was made to select a fixed rate, can be helpful.

Discount Rate Mortgages

With a discount rate mortgage, you are offered a percentage off of the lenders Standard Variable Rate (SVR). This takes the form of a reduction in the normal variable interest rate by say, 1.5% for a year or two. The common mistake of those considering a discount rate, is to assume the higher the percentage discount offered, the better the deal. The key bit of information missing however, is what the lenders SVR is, as this will dictate the actual pay rate after the discount is applied.

As with a fixed rate, the longer the discount rate period the smaller the discount offered, and the higher the rate. Shorter periods such as 2 years will attract the highest levels of discount. In addition when considering the amount to be borrowed, the increased risk to the lender of providing a 90% loan will be reflected in the pay rate, with lower borrowing amounts attracting more competitive rates.

Advantages

Should the lender reduce their standard variable rate your interest rate and monthly payment will also reduce.

Disadvantages

When the lender or Bank of England increases their base rate, your mortgage payment will also increase. However in some circumstances lenders do not always pass on the full amount of a Bank of England base rate reduction.

Affordability of the mortgage at the end of the discount rate period should be considered at outset. There are no guarantees that follow on rates will be available, and so you should make certain that you are able to afford the monthly payment at the lenders standard variable applicable upon expiry of the discount rate period. Allowing for an increase in interest rates above the SVR would be prudent to avoid a ‘Payment shock’.

Tracker Rate Mortgages

Tracker rate mortgages guarantee to follow the Bank of England base rate when it moves up or down. Tracker rates are expressed as a percentage above or below the Bank of England base rate such at +0.5% over BOE base rate for 2 years.

The most popular tracker rate mortgages have been 2 and 3 year products, but there is now an increasing demand for lifetime tracker rates as borrowers are starting to realise that the Bank of England base rate has been reasonable competitive, and having a mortgage product linked to it could be beneficial in the long term.

Advantages

A tracker rate guarantees to follow the Bank of England base rate for however long the tracker rate is set up for. This means that as soon as the Bank of England cuts rates, a tracker rate mortgage guarantees to reflect the new lower rate and repayment.

The overall cost calculation of a Lifetime tracker rate can be significantly lower than taking shorter term mortgage products with the ongoing costs of remortgaging such as valuation fees, legal fee and lender arrangement fees. Lifetime tracker rates often have no early repayment penalty restrictions.

Disadvantages

The mortgage payment will go up if the Bank of England increases the base rate. Early repayment charges are likely to be applicable during the benefit period, and as with other types of mortgage rate are likely to be 6 months interest or 3% – 5% of the loan.

Variable Rate Mortgages

Variable rate mortgages are more commonly known as the lenders Standard Variable Rate (SVR), and are the rate that you come onto after the expiry of a fixed, discounted, tracker or capped rate mortgage. A variable rate is similar to a tracker rate in as much as the lender will base their SVR on the Bank of England base rate plus a loading of between say 2.5% and 3.5%. That is where the similarity ends however.

Advantages

The main advantage of being on the lenders Standard Variable Rate (SVR) is that there will be no early repayment charge for redeeming the loan in full. This provides a certain amount of flexibility when there is uncertainty in the market about where rates are moving. For those wishing to fix their mortgage rate, an SVR with no early repayment charge can provide the breathing space required to just wait and see before committing.

Whilst not always the case lenders do tend to pass on reductions in the Bank of England base rate through their SVR, and so those on the SVR will benefit from a reduction in the mortgage payment.

Disadvantages

Generally the SVR will be a higher rate of interest and so your mortgage payment will be greater than if you were on a tracker rate, fixed rate or discounted rate mortgage product. In addition, as has been seen in the past, some lenders do not pass on any or all of a reduction in the Bank of England base rate which results in a higher monthly payment in comparison to other mortgage options.

Capped Rate Mortgages

The capped rate is a variable rate mortgage which has a fixed limit to how far the interest rate can increase (the cap), and provides the option to know the maximum level of mortgage payment from outset. Capped rate mortgages offer the best of both worlds for those with a cautious attitude to risk, but who still wish to benefit from interest rate reductions. For example if the cap is set at 6% and the banks rates go below this rate, then your repayments will go down to reflect the reduction, with the guarantee that should rates go above the 6%, your payments will remain based on the maximum 6% because of the cap.

Advantages

If the Bank of England base rate falls resulting in a fall in the lenders standard variable rate below the level of the capped rate, then your monthly repayment will reduce. For many this provides the peace of mind and certainty for ease of budgeting offered by a know maximum monthly payment.

Disadvantages

Because a capped rate offers the best of both worlds to the borrower, the capped rate is usually uncompetitive as lenders need to price in the risk of rate reductions, leaving those such as first time buyers or those stretching their affordability, exposed to a higher rate than would be available with a fixed rate. This means that UK lenders generally don’t offer capped rate mortgages with any sort of competitive rate, preferring to market fixed rates instead.

Rachel Jackson asked:


With so many different types of mortgage available, it’s difficult to determine the right one for you. Before you start looking at available mortgages, however, it’s important to first evaluate your finances, as your financial situation is an important factor that will dictate the type of loan you need, and how much you can afford to borrow.

Step One: Evaluating Your Finances

Before you even think about the type of mortgage you should obtain, it’s important to evaluate your financial situation. Check your credit rating and FICO score, evaluate your income and debt level, figure out the size of the down payment you can afford, and determine how much mortgage you can afford and what your credit rating will allow you access to.

When it comes to your credit rating, know that between 620 and 699, you’ll probably pay a higher interest rate than if your credit rating is over 700, due to a slightly higher perceived risk on the part of lenders. If your credit rating is below 620, you may find it’s better to wait and improve your credit rating rather than be forced into a sub-prime mortgage with a high interest rate.

Step Two: Choosing the Best Mortgage

Once you have completed an evaluation of your financial situation, you’re ready to start thinking about the kind of mortgage you want. The mortgage that best suits you will depend on a long list of factors, not all of which are related to the amount of money you have for a mortgage. Think not only about how much mortgage you can afford, but also your credit rating, how long you plan to stay in the home, and whether you think your plans or financial situation might change in the future.

So what are your main mortgage options?

Fixed rate mortgage

Normally a 10, 15, or 30-year mortgage, you pay the same interest rate over the life of the loan.

Good for: If you like the security of paying the same amount every month and you’re planning on owning the home long-term, this is definitely the best option. There are some variations on this theme, including jumbo mortgages, which are larger-than-standard loans with a slightly higher interest rate.

Adjustable rate mortgage

These are mortgages with adjustable interest rates, which come in several different varieties. When you first get an adjustable rate mortgage the interest rate is lower than that you’d get with a fixed rate mortgage. However, at intervals, the interest rate can increase or decrease according to current market rates. This means your monthly repayments aren’t fixed, so these types of mortgages are more risky in comparison to fixed rate mortgages.

Good for: If you want a mortgage with an initial low rate and you’re prepared to take a risk on later rates (or you only plan to own the home for a few years), this may be a good prospect.

Interest-only mortgage

The standard type of mortgage is amortized, meaning your monthly repayments include both principal and interest. An interest-only mortgage is just what its name suggests – your monthly repayments don’t have to include principal (but you can pay off principal amounts at any time). This means you are not building up equity in your home while you’re only paying interest, but there are no pre-payment penalties.

Good for: This type of loan can work well if your income is at a consistent level overall but is subject to highs and lows, since you can pay off extra principal when you can afford to do so, and pay interest only when your income is at a lower level.

Balloon mortgage

This type of mortgage has a fixed interest rate and stable repayments over the life of the loan, with lower repayments in comparison to a fixed rate mortgage. However, the terms of the loan are generally short, with three, five, and seven years being the most common options. At the end of this time period, the entire balance of the loan is due. The final payment is typically very large, so a balloon mortgage is one which shouldn’t be taken lightly.

Good for: This type of mortgage can be a good option if you plan to stay in the home long term, want to get your mortgage paid off quickly, or if know you can afford the balloon payment. Alternatively, a balloon mortgage can be useful if you know you’ll be moving or refinancing before the balloon payment is due.

30-due-in-7

For the first seven years of the mortgage you have a fixed interest rate which is generally lower than that of a standard fixed rate mortgage. In the eighth year of the mortgage, the interest rate changes to be in line with whatever the current rate is at that time. For the remaining 22 years of the mortgage, the interest rate stays fixed at that rate. Another option is a 30-due-in-5 mortgage, where the interest rate changes in the sixth year.

Good for: These mortgages can be a good option if you’re planning to stay in the house for more than five or ten years and you are willing to risk the possibility that your monthly payments may change substantially when the second interest rate is due.